If you are experiencing steering problems on your UAE vehicle, understanding whether you have hydraulic power steering (HPS) or electric power steering (EPS) determines the diagnosis and repair path. This guide explains the differences, how to tell which type your vehicle has, and what each type costs to repair in the UAE in 2026.
Hydraulic Power Steering (HPS)
How it works: A belt-driven pump pressurises power steering fluid and sends it to the steering rack. The rack contains a valve that directs fluid to assist the steering in the direction the driver turns the wheel. The more you turn, the more assist is provided. Advantages: Proven technology, direct road feel, works without electronic calibration. The pump runs continuously when the engine is running. Disadvantages: Continuous pump drag on the engine reduces fuel efficiency slightly. Fluid can leak and degrade. Common on: Toyota Land Cruiser (all series), Nissan Patrol Y60/Y61/Y62, Mitsubishi Pajero, most commercial vehicles and larger SUVs. Also common on vehicles manufactured before 2012. Common faults: Low fluid, pump wear, rack seal leaks, drive belt slip, hose failure.
Electric Power Steering (EPS)
How it works: An electric motor mounted on the steering column or rack provides assistance based on signals from the torque sensor and vehicle speed. No fluid involved. Advantages: More fuel-efficient as the motor only runs when steering. Speed-sensitive assist is easily adjusted electronically. No fluid to leak or degrade. Disadvantages: When the motor or ECU fails, the steering often becomes suddenly heavy rather than degrading gradually. Common on: Most vehicles manufactured after 2013, including Toyota Camry (2018+), Corolla, Yaris, Rav4; Honda Accord, CR-V, Civic; Hyundai and Kia models; BMW (most post-2011); Mercedes-Benz (most post-2012). Common faults: Torque sensor failure, EPS motor failure, control module fault, battery and charging system issues.
How to Tell Which Type You Have
Look under the bonnet for a power steering fluid reservoir. If you find one (typically labelled PS and containing red, pink, or amber fluid), you have hydraulic power steering. If there is no such reservoir, you have electric power steering.