Understanding what type of steering system is fitted to your UAE vehicle helps you understand what can go wrong, what maintenance it needs, and what repair it requires when problems develop. This guide covers all the main steering system types found on vehicles in UAE in 2026.
1. Manual Steering (No Assist)
Found on: older pre-1990 vehicles and some entry-level light commercial vehicles. How it works: the driver turns the wheel, which directly rotates the steering rack through a mechanical linkage with no hydraulic or electric assistance. Steering effort: high, especially at low speed and parking. Service needs: periodic tie rod and steering linkage inspection, no fluid required. Increasingly rare on UAE roads.
2. Hydraulic Power Steering (HPS)
Found on: Toyota Land Cruiser 70/80/100/200 series, Nissan Patrol Y60/Y61, Mitsubishi Pajero, most commercial vehicles, many pre-2010 passenger cars. How it works: a belt-driven pump pressurises power steering fluid to assist the rack. Service needs: fluid level check, periodic flush, pump, rack, hoses, and belt inspection. Maintenance cost in UAE: power steering fluid flush AED 150-300 every 2-3 years.
3. Electro-Hydraulic Power Steering (EHPS)
Found on: some European vehicles (Audi, Volkswagen, some BMW). Similar to HPS but the pump is driven by an electric motor rather than the engine belt, improving efficiency. The hydraulic fluid is still present and requires maintenance. Service needs: same as HPS.
4. Electric Power Steering (EPS)
Found on: most vehicles manufactured after 2013. No hydraulic fluid. An electric motor provides assistance. Service needs: minimal; no fluid to change. The torque sensor and EPS motor may require replacement if they fail. Software updates may be available through the dealer for steering feel calibration.
5. Variable Ratio Steering and Active Steering
Found on: premium models including BMW Active Steering, Mercedes-Benz Direct-Steer, and Audi Dynamic Steering. These systems use variable gear ratios or additional electric motors to vary the steering response beyond what the driver input alone dictates. Fault diagnosis requires manufacturer-specific diagnostic software.